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Al 2 O 3 is the primary component in Al 2 O 3 –SiC–C castables. Fused brown corundum and bauxite clinker are the common Al 2 O 3 source used in Al 2 O 3 –SiC–C castables [[26], [27]].The content of Al 2 O 3 in ferrotitanium slag reaches 70–75 %, which is close to the Al 2 O 3 content in bauxite clinker [[28], [29]].Furthermore, the refractoriness of ferrotitanium slag …
This work aims to develop another approach to the management of magnesium slag (MS) via the production of Portland cement clinker. Thus, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% limestone was replaced by MS and the clinker was sintered. The burnability of the clinker, immobilization of heavy metals in the clinker, crystalline phases, micrograph of the clinker, the …
Alternative approaches include using organic gas as a gasoline substitute for coal for calcination, using chemicals to absorb carbon dioxide, developing a more efficient grinding …
The definition given in ENV 197–1 4 is as follows:. Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates ((CaO) 3 ·SiO 2 and (CaO) 2 ·SiO 2), the remainder containing aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3) and other oxides.The ratio by mass (CaO/SiO 2) shall be not less than 2.0.The content of magnesium …
Studies of non-clinker or less-clinker ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) cement made with EMR as an activator are scarcely reported. GGBS is composed of glassy-state minerals in a three-dimensional structure formed by active CaO, ... The clinker particle size decreases from 35.22 ...
In summary, clinkers prepared with steel slag as ferric raw material have a similar or even better performance than the ordinary clinker. 0.15 mm is the maximum particle size of steel slag that can be fully involved in the clinker sintering reaction. Particles larger than 0.15 mm are considered coarse particles in this study.
The objective of the current study is to generate alkali-activated slag composites (AAC) incorporating cement clinker aggregate with different particle sizes that have been cured by three curing temperatures at 25 °C (air curing), 40 °C, and 80 °C for 8 h and assess the physico-mechanical and shielding properties of AAC.
Utilizing solid waste to prepare cement clinker with low-calcium minerals is crucial for the low-carbon evolution of cementitious materials. In this study, a belite-ye'elimite …
Granulated nickel slag is essentially an angular, black, glassy slag "sand" with most particles in the size range of − 2 mm (No. 10 sieve) to + 0.150 mm (No. 100 sieve).It is more porous, with lower specific gravity and higher absorption, than air-cooled nicked slag.
The use of technogenic raw materials as input products in the production of portland cement provides for considerable reduction of energy consumption during clinker …
Effect of the mass ratio of bentonite to carbide slag on the particles. Bentonite and carbide slag were mixed at mass ratios of 9:1–1:9, and 5 wt% Na 2 CO 3 was added. Then, the mixture was ...
High fineness slag and ash can provide more reaction interfaces, promote hydration reactions, but may also accelerate the release of hydration heat, leading to an increase in early expansion rate. Therefore, ... This rule is due to the fact that the particle size of GGBFS particles is smaller than clinker particles, and the fine particles are ...
The motivation of this work is to enhance the long-term frost resistance of circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFA)-based multisolid waste cementitious material (CSM). In this research, CSM2 is prepared by 30 wt.% CFA, 20 wt.% blast furnace slag (BFS), 10 wt.% red mud (RM), 10 wt.% phosphorus slag (PS), and 30 wt.% cement clinker (CC). The strength and …
The interface area between reconstructed steel slag and clinker forms high-iron phase clinker ... Clinker particles were encapsulated with epoxy resin, ground and polished with a polishing machine, and eroded in 1% NH 4 Cl solution. After dried for 3–5 s, the sample was observed by a NIKON LV100POL microscope. The chemical bonding water of ...
The diameters of slag particles are between 0 and 6 mm, averaging 2 mm. Air-granulated steel slag is an ideal substitute for cement clinker; it can be used also as sintering raw materials and fluxes for a blast furnace. After the furnace clinker is air-granulated during the initial smelting period, it can be used as a phosphate fertilizer for ...
Firstly, this paper used a laser particle size analyzer to test the particle size distribution characteristics of four specific surface areas of phosphate slag powder particles. Then, it used the powder fractal theory to determine the fractal dimension of the different specific surface areas of the phosphate slag powder particle group. Finally, the effect of the fractal dimension …
Also, for slag-containing cements such as S20 and S35, the amounts of the clinker phases decrease with increasing particle size since slag/clinker increases. One could test the success of this method for the control cements by directly inputting the measured oxide contents in Table 2 into Bogue's equations.
All major phases of Portland cement appear in all clinkers with MS. However, the content of C 3 S in the clinker is related to the MS content. Less than 30% MS shortens the …
Blended cements that contain ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) are known for their outstanding durability, long-term performance and low environmental footprint [1], [2].GGBFS is allocated only minor CO 2 emissions as a by-product of pig iron production, therefore clinker substitution by GGBFS is an effective and well-known means of reducing …
The slag, clinker and gypsum were ground and sieved to a particle size of under 70 μm. All the blended cements were intermixed by slag, gypsum and clinker in the laboratory. A ternary contour design method as described in Ref. [31] was applied to design the blending proportions of the slag, gypsum and clinker. The blended cement with less than ...
Steel slag contains dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate, and, as silicate cement clinker has a similar mineral phase, steel slag can be used as a raw material for the production of cement, but also can be applied to concrete admixture, dry mortar, and so on. ... resulting in volume expansion and tiny steel slag particles conducive to ...
In this section, steel slag and clinker proportion were kept constant at 30% and 10% of solid materials, respectively; Na 2 O to solid material ratio was 4%. ... Fine steel slag particles were wrapped by C–S–H gel and embedded into the structure, playing a role of nucleation and contributing to the development of flexural strength of the ...
To improve the utilization efficiency of steel slag in cement industry, cement clinkers are prepared by simulated multi-phased clinker sintering technology with crushed …
Dusts are collected from electrostatic precipitators during the production of the clinker. Cement kiln dust is fine particles similar in appearance to Portland cement. If the clinker production takes place in a wet process, the dust is collected in the form of a suspension, if the clinker production is dry, the dust is collected in a dry form.
This article presents the development of a method for producing a finely dispersed fraction of ground blast-furnace granulated slag. The resulting material with an alkaline additive can serve as an alternative to analogous finely dispersed mineral binders such as microcement. A comprehensive study was conducted on granulated slags from two metallurgical plants. The …
In this study, we synthesized a type of multi-phased clinker with high fractions of original crude granular steel slag and investigated its sintering mechanism and properties.
strength, made on the basis of clinker, blast-furnace granulated slag and activators additives. 3.2 Materials For the LCSPC in the course of research, blast furnace granulated slag, which can be attributed to basic slag, Portland cement clinker (С 3 S=57,1 %, C 2 S=21,27 %, C 3 A=6,87 %, C 4 AF=12,19 %), which according to the
GGBFS is typically ground to 400–600 Blaine, and a typical particle size distribution is shown in Fig. 17.2. ... The smooth surfaces of GGBFS particles mean that replacement of cement clinker with slag can improve the workability of concrete, although replacement appears to have no significant impact on bleeding and segregation. Setting times ...
The median particle size distribution (d 50) was 9.4 µm, with the particle size distribution shown in Fig. 1. Even though the goal was to synthesise alite-ferrite clinker, significant amount of larnite or β-C 2 S was observed in the XRD data (Fig. 2). The clinker did not have any free lime or C 3 A in the sample.
The term "slag" is used for different materials which result from solidification of a melt. ... or buildings or in case of ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material substituting for clinker in cement production. ... Reaction kinetics depend e.g. on particle size and mechanical processes (e.g. stirring or ...
