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Iron ore sintering is a pretreatment step of smelting that agglomerates the iron ore using surface melting of green pellets to improve the quality of the steel product. The sintering …
Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.
Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be ...
Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, …
Iron ore sintering is an agglomeration process of iron ore fines, fluxes, fossil fuel (coke and coal), and some iron-bearing waste materials in the ironmaking and steelmaking industry . Sinter is one of the main raw materials used in a blast furnace (BF) accounting for more than 70% ferrous burden of BF in China [ 2 ].
With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, cost-effective and value-added treatment of massive lead–zinc waste rock (LZWR) generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attention. A type of dolomitic LZWR with 18 wt.% MgO, 27 wt.% CaO, 0.29 wt.% Zn and 1.43 wt.% S was used as a replacement flux in …
To alleviate the strain on the extensive demand for iron sources, reduce the cost, and transition towards greener metallurgy, iron-bearing wastes like blast furnace dust and sinter dust, along with alkali metal-rich or lead-rich iron ores, are recycled through the iron ore sintering process [1,2,3,4,5].This practice, however, elevates the concentration of undesired elements …
Intensification of the iron ore sintering process is approached with a four-way framework covering granulation improvement, waste gas recycling, fuel gas injection into the sinter bed, and reduction of stack emissions. Various metallurgical wastes are granulated to form micro pellets and are dosed along with the feed to cut down the cost.
The iron oxide (FeO) content had a significant impact on both the metallurgical properties of sintered ores and the economic indicators of the sintering process. Precisely predicting FeO content possessed substantial potential for enhancing the quality of sintered ore and optimizing the sintering process. A multi-model integrated prediction framework for FeO …
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the ...
Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product with suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace.
Explore the intricate steps involved in the sintering process of iron ore. Discover how raw materials are transformed into a high-quality final product, enhancing industrial …
However, in an iron ore sintering process where an immense amount of air was introduced to the sintering bed to ensure complete combustion of solid fuels in the sintering mix, the concentration of VOCs in the sintering flue gas is much lower than those in other industrial exhaust gases. In addition, due to the low-VOCs, low-oxygen, high-sulfur ...
Heat transfer in the iron ore sintering bed contains very complicated modes of convection and radiation. The total amount of heat transferred to charge or walls and the
Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product with suitable ...
A short description of the sintering process is also presented in Fernández--González et al. (2018). Figure 2.1 shows the main parts of an iron ore sintering plant (Dwight–Lloyd machine). Despite at first instance the agglomeration of ores has imposed as a process required in the iron extractive metallurgy, this process has changed with the
Proportioning is an important part of sintering, as it affects the cost of sintering and the quality of sintered ore. To address the problems posed by the complex raw material information and numerous constraints in the sintering process, a multi-objective optimisation model for sintering proportioning was established, which takes the proportioning cost and TFe …
ABSTRACT Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the blast furnace. The …
Sintering process of iron ore fines is a metallurgical process which is carried out on a sintering machine. The strand width and length depends on the capacity of the machine and varies for each steel plant. It is basically an agglomeration process achieved through combustion. The process energy, of the order of 360 million calories to 480 ...
This review may provide a road map regarding the development of advanced sustainable and energy-efficient technologies for use in the iron ore sintering process. In particular, a general overview of alternative fuels and their impacts on the iron ore sintering process in terms of the sinter quality and CO 2 /NO x /SO 2 emissions is provided in ...
The iron ore sintering process was simulated and computational domain was the same as the configuration of a sinter pot as shown in Fig. 1. Entrance of the sinter pot was defined as a velocity inlet. The magnitude of velocity was obtained from the experimental gas-flow rate [7]. The bottom of the sinter pot was set to be pressure outlet which ...
The fuel segregation distribution sintering process, with a high fuel dosage in upper layer and a low fuel dosage in bottom layer of the sintering bed, was studied to handle uneven heat distribution problems in the conventional …
Iron ore sintering entails high energy consumption and also produces significant pollution, responsible for the highest share of CO 2 emission, as well as SO 2 and NOx emissions, in the iron and steel production processes. 5 The SO 2 and NO X emissions from this process account for ∼70% and ∼40% of the total iron and steel industry emissions, …
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process (1300-1480°C, Eisele and Kawatra, 2003) of a mixture of iron ore mineral fines (0.5-8 mm), by-products of the iron and steelmaking industry,...
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of suitable size for charging into the blast furnace.
The sinter plant that converts the iron ore fines into a desirable blast furnace feed, offers an avenue for recycling wastes. One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on the sintering process. 5 …
Iron ore sintering is a widely used pre-treatment process to produce agglomerates for blast furnace ironmaking. The iron bearing raw materials fed into the process include iron ores, …
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke).
Accurate computational models of sintering behavior would assist to enhance sinter quality and are anticipated to play a role in yield prediction. Sintering is a vital process in the manufacturing of iron and steel. As a consequence, the primary objective of these models will be a thorough simulation of mass and heat transport during the sintering process. In this paper, …
Moreover, the conventional iron making unit, i.e. blast furnace requires the raw material in the form of iron oxide with a size range of 10–120 mm. Sintering is the oldest agglomerate thermal process using iron ore mineral fines of 0.5–8 mm, along with the reductant, fluxes, and other byproducts of the iron and steel industry operated ...
