No. 1688, Gaoke East Road, Pudong new district, Shanghai, China.
No. 1688, Gaoke East Road, Pudong new district, Shanghai, China.
As open pit copper mines reach their economic end of life, mine owners often consider the viability of transitioning to underground mining. How can they do this safely, economically and without impacting existing production?
Open pit mining is preferable for recovering weathered and more shallow resources, and it can lead to access points to underground mines. Why and when would mining open pit move to …
Underground mining also produces the least amount of waste per annum (ca. 85 Mt; overall production) compared to that of open pit mining (ca. 10,325 Mt; , 2017). The potential for deeper mineral deposits continues to entice the international mining community. Societal needs, sustainability and continued economic development are the ...
An early transition model assigns large aggregated blocks to be extracted via open pit or underground mining methods in order to maximize value of the deposit (Bakhtavar et al., 2008). This idea was later improved to include the time element and to capture underground capital costs (Newman et al., 2013). In
An additional problem with pegging the size of the open-pit mining industry is that many open-pit mines have underground tunnel components. More useful is to look at the mining industry in general.
Open pit mining, where material is excavated from an open pit, is one of the most common forms of mining for strategic minerals. ... Underground Mining. Underground mining has the potential for tunnel collapses and land subsidence (Betournay, 2011). It involves large-scale movements of waste rock and vegetation, similar to open pit mining ...
Mining - Strip, Open-Pit, Quarrying: It has been estimated that more than two-thirds of the world's yearly mineral production is extracted by surface mining. There are several types of surface mining, but the three most common are open-pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. These differ from one another in the mine geometries created, the techniques used, …
Compared to underground mining methods, the open pit mining method requires removing significant amount of overburden from the pit and moving it outside the mine. The cost of extraction of the ore from open pit constitutes the bulk of the total cost of mining operations, because the access to the ore body is so ...
This paper proposes a mixed-integer programming model to obtain the optimal transition point and the transition period from open-pit to underground mining, maximizing the …
Operating expenditure is highly dependent on the mining method but also influenced by other factors. Block caving has the lowest associated operational expenditure of the underground hard-rock mining methods, and it comes closest to the average operating expenditure of an open-pit operation.
Selection of the mining method is one of the most important decisions in the design stage of mine. Open Pit (OP), underground (Ug) methods or both of them are selected depending on the geometry ...
Specifically, after the phosphate ore body is converted from open-pit mining to underground mining, the direct roof of the underground stope is destroyed in an "elliptical arch." When the internal stress value of the pressure arch exceeds the ultimate strength of the rock layer, the rock layer will undergo compression failure, shear failure ...
We present a methodology to maximize the NPV for an entire metal deposit by determining the spatial expanse and production quantities of both the open pit and …
Key considerations to evaluate are: open pit stability, shaft stability, dilution, mud rushes and air blasts, and mining method selection. Planning Considerations: The efficient transition from open pit mining to an underground operation requires extensive planning. For a large mining operation, planning could last as long as 20 years.
The transition from open pit to underground mining: An unsual slope failure mechanism at Palabora. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Stability of Rock Slopes in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa, 3–6 April 2006. [Google Scholar]
An increasing number of Chinese mines are transitioning from open pit to underground mining, and crown pillar design has become vital, and may eventually provide additional information to the Scaled Span concept database to provide some reference to extend the applicability of the method beyond North America. The ShiRenGou iron ore mine of ...
Abstract Underground mining under an open-pit slope results in movement and instability of rock masses. However, most rock mass movement prediction methodologies are empirical and only suitable for underground mining. In this paper, a new theoretical methodology is proposed to predict the movement and instability of rock masses caused by open-pit to …
Unlike underground mining, open pit mining provides direct access to the mineral deposits. This facilitates easier extraction and reduces the complexity of mining operations. 3. Safety. Open pit mining generally poses …
Currently, most mine operators schedule the open pit and underground operations independently and then merge the two, creating a myopic solution. We present a methodology to maximize the NPV for an entire metal deposit by determining the spatial expanse and production quantities of both the open pit and underground mines while adhering to ...
Mining and milling. Markus H.A. Piro, Ksenia Lipkina, in Advances in Nuclear Fuel Chemistry, 2020 8.2.3.1 Open pit mining. Open pit mining refers to mining directly on the ground surface, thereby producing an open pit. This method is practical and cost-effective when the uranium ore is located near the surface (e.g., within 100 m). Underground mining and ISL methods may be …
Venetia Mine is transitioning from open pit (OP) to underground (UG) operations. OP mining is planned to end in November 2022, and UG ore production will start in December …
Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits. It often results in …
Unlike open-pit mining, underground mining methods are used to extract materials beneath the earth's surface. Underground mining presents many dangers, including fires, …
The failure of underground goafs will change the structure and stress status of a rock mass. More seriously, such a failure can lead to large areas of rock mass collapse, greatly impacting the mine operations and personnel safety (Hoek and Brown 1980; Bye and Bell 2001; Chen et al. 2017).For mines that are transforming from open-pit to underground mining, more …
A Strategic Approach to Open Pit to Underground Transitions for Mining Companies . The transition from open pit to underground mines is a large initiative, requiring comprehensive mine planning, risk assessments and defined objectives. This ensures progress is monitored and trackable from beginning to end of the project, which can often span ...
In open-pit mines this consists of building access roads and stripping the overlying waste material in order to expose the ore and establish the initial bench geometries. For an underground mine the development stage is considerably more complicated. Some of the development components of an underground mine are illustrated in the figure.
Underground operations usually cause many more difficulties than normally occur in open pit mines, but without constant supervision and strong safeguards, either type of mine can be dangerous for workers. Open pit and underground mines are often in remote locations that require miners to work and live on mining camps for long periods of time ...
Within this industry, two primary techniques are employed for extracting metallic ore deposits (Badakhshan et al., 2023a): open pit (OP) mining and underground (UG) mining. The …
Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits.
Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.
